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The three silver ships

Editorial history

Created 28/06/2015 by CSG

Background

Three large ships (The Salvador, the Sampson and the Saint George) were of supposedly Lubeck and Hamburg build and ownership. The Saint George and the Salvadore were allegedly built in Hamburg in 1642 and 1647 respectively, whereas the Sampson was allegedly built in Lubeck in 1647.

The three ships were part of a large number of foreign ships spending the summer of 1652 waiting for the Spanish "plate fleet" to arrive from the West Indies. This fleet, carrying great quantities of bullion, arrived around the mid-summer, and subsequently a number of foreign ships departed for Northern Europe carrying bullion and other goods from the Spanish West Indies and Spain, including cochineal and wool.

The three ships were captured by the English in mid/late October 1652 in the English Channel off of Portsmouth with highly valuable cargos of bullion. The ships were on their way from Cadiz with bullion from the Spanish West Indies going northwards. It was disputed in court as to whether the ships were bound legally for the Spanish Netherlands (Ostend or Dunkirk), or illegally for Amsterdam in the United Netherlands, with which England had been at war since July 10th 1652.^[1] The ships were brought from their place of seizure to the River Thames, where they were moored near Woolwich, and where they remained from 1652 until at least early 1655.

The case was endowed with political as well as commercial weight - the Protectorate was keen to have the bullion declared lawfull prize, but the Spanish government contested this. The many and varied court depositions and other English Admiralty (and English State Paper) records give very granular and highly colourful accounts of Seville and Cadiz, Hamburg and Lubeck, the Spanish Netherlands, the by-ways between the Spanish Netherlands and Amsterdam by which bullion could be smuggled overland and by canal, and the River Thames, where the ships and sailors were held following seizure. Thomas Violet, a rather dodgy goldsmith, was involved as an agitator on benhalf of the protectorate, and published a pamphlet pleading for reimbursement of his efforts, which supplements the HCA material on the MarineLives wiki.

Admiralty Court cases and chronology

You will find more than one Admiralty Court case mentioning the three Silver ships. In addition to the three main cases brought by the Commonwealth against each of the three ships and their owners to have them declared lawful prize, you will find cases brought by Spanish, English and Dutch merchants, demanding restitution of goods they claimed to have onboard on or more of the three ships.^[2]

Our provisional and still incomplete chronology of events shows the main Admiralty Court cases against the three silver ships and their goods to have them declared prize resulting in Admiralty Court sentences in early 1655 to have the ships and their freight set free. However, at the intervention of the goldsmith Thomas Violet, the ships were further detained.^[3]

Sources

You will also find information about the silver ships in other primary sources, including, but not limited to, the English State Papers (which you can access through British History Online).

A key printed primary source is a pamphlet by the goldsmith Thomas Violet, titled: "A true narrative of the proceedings in the Court of Admiraltie against the ships Sampson, Salvador, and George, their silver and lading and an accompt presented what silver was taken out of the said ships and coined in the Tower (being above two hundred seventy eight thousand pounds,) all which silver the Common-wealth got by the chargeable prosecution and discovery of Tho. Violet, who saved the Common-wealth this silver, Dec. 16. 1652", and published in 1659.

You can find some secondary material on the conversion of the seized bullion into English coinage in Henry William Henfrey's Numismata Cromwelliana.^[4]

You can find short profiles and contemporary maps of a number of countries and places of importance in this case within the MarineLives wiki. See Spain, Spanish Netherlands, United Netherlands, Cadiz, Seville, Amsterdam, Hamburg, Lubeck and the River Thames.

Evidence from Admiralty Court depositions

Several London merchants gave evidence on behalf of the alleged owners of the three silver ships and the goods on board the same ships. For example, the thirty-two year old London merchant Giles Vandeputt reported receiving letters of advice in late October 1652 from John Bollart, a merchant and burger of Antwerp (in the Spanish Netherlands) stating that Bollart had caused his factors and correspondents at Cadiz to load quantities of silver and plate on board the Salvador and the Saint George to be transported for Ostend, where they were to be discharged and delivered for the account of Bollart. At Bollart's request, Vandeputt claims he took out several policies of assurance drawn at the Assurance Office in London for Bollart's silver.^[5]

Two London merchants with extensive experience of Spanish trade (Roger Kilvert (b.?, d.ca.1657) and Antonio Fernandez Caravajall (b. ca.?, d. ca. 1659)) gave evidence regarding the illict bullion trade from the Spanish Netherlands to Amsterdam.^[6] Kilvert stated that the lading and export of bullion from Spain was absolutely forbidden without special licence, and that any bullion found on board ships without licence was subject to confiscation. Nevertheless, many merchants exported bullion illegally, putting "feigned and unknowne names" in their bills of lading for the senders of the bullion, or leaving blanks where the names should be. But "the contents of the plate laden and the parties to whome consigned is usually plainely expressed."^[7] Kilvert suggested that the Dutch were active exporters of illegal bullion, just as were merchants of other nations. Evidence from a separate case in the English Admiralty Court from November 1656 suggests that a commercial relationship existed between Kilvert and Caravajall.^[8]

A motley band of witnesses (William Astell, Abraham Johnson and William Pembridge) gave evidence of alleged conversations with one of the crew of the Salvador. They appear to have been hired by the London based Prize Office to spy on the crew of the silver ships in the inns and victualling houses of Woolwich, close to where the ships were moored. These witnesses claimed to have been drinking with the trumpeter of the Salvador in a house knowne by the sign of the shipp at the Woolwich Waterside on the evening of Friday 21st January 1653 and the early morning of the ensuing Saturday, together with "one Mr Simonds belonging to the prize office."^[9] The alleged conversations took place in a mixture of Dutch and English. The witnesses were of varied background and no doubt incentivised by the prospect of monetary reward from either the Prize Office, or possibly from Thomas Violet.

William Astell was a sixty year old surgeon of the parish of Allhallowes Barking. A "Lieutenant of horse for the Parliament for the most part of the late warrs", he had fallen on hard times. He paid his parish dues, but "not any thinge to the taxes of the army or navie, not being of abilitie thereto, having bin plundred by the kings partie. ^[10] William Pembridge was a forty-two year old haberdasher of the parish of Saint Magnus London. He had a pre-existing connection with the London prize office, and "useth to waite aboard shipps for the prize office".^[11] Abraham Johnson was a XX year old sail-maker, living at the time of his first Admiralty Court deposition in Saint Catherine's Lane near the Tower of London.^[12] Apparently English by birth, with English as his mother tongue he also spoke fluent Low Dutch, "having lived 26 or 27 yeares in holland (ended about 14 monethes since)".^[13] Abraham Johnson claimed additionally to have known Otto George, the master of the Sampson, when Johnson dwelled in Amsterdam. Moreover Johnson claimed to have been the sailmaker on board the Sampson on a former voyage, havings served for eighteen months on her, about seven or eight years before his deposition.^[14] His evidence contradicted that of Astell and Pembridge, recalling that they conversed with mariners from the Salvador in the Bell, rather than the Ship, in Woolwich.^[15] Johnson claimed to have witnessed the delivery of silver out of the Sampson by Otto George on a prior voyage of the Sampson.^[16]

Timeline

Please enter below all events relating to the Admiralty court case of three Silver ships. Be as specific as possible in terms of day, month, and year.

Please note whether the dates you enter are New or Old style (typically non-English witnesses will use New Style dates, and English witnesses will use Old style dates. In the 1650s the same day in New style was ten days ahead in terms of date compared with Old style.^[17]

1642

Month unspecified: The ship the Saint George was built at Hamburg.^[18]

1643

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1644

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1645

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1646

Month unspecified: The ship the Sampson was built and completed in Lubeck in 1646.^[19]

1647

Month unspecified: The ship the Salvadore was built at Hamburg^[20]

1648

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1649

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1650

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1651

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1652

June 1652: The ship the Golden Sunn (Master: Peter Tam) departed Cadiz bound for Ostend. The ship ws laden with cutcheneale by the Governor of Cadiz "in the service of his Catholique Majestie in ffalanders.^[21]

?July/August/September 1652: Arrival at Cadiz of the "Plate fleete of Spaine" from the West Indies^[22]

September 1652: The ship the Mercurius (Master: Hance Yonger) departed Cadiz a full month and above before the ships the Sampson, Salvadore and Saint George departed from the same port.^[23] According to Henry Slegar, a sailor on the Salvadore, the Mercuius set sail from Cadiz in the company of the Saint John Evangelist (Master: John de Vas).^[24]

October 1652: Departure of the ships the Sampson, Salvadore and Saint George from Cadiz bound allegedly for Ostend.

Middle of October 1652 (poss November): Seizure of the ships the Sampson, Salvadore and Saint George by the English in the English Channel. Matter of legal dispute as to the intended destination of the ships. Hamburg sailor Henry Slegar, who was onboard the Salvadore at the time of her seizure, states that she was seozed "in the English Channell off of Portsmouth" about eighteen days or three weeks after departing Cadiz.^[25]

October 28th 1652: London merchant Gyles Vandeputt claims he took out several policies of assurance drawn at the Assurance Office in London for Antwerp merchant John Bollart's silver on bord the ships the Saint George and the Salvador.^[26]

November & December 1652: Spanish Ambassador in London and various agents of Duke Leopoldus and Licencees of the King of Spain living in Antwerp asserted to the Admiralty Court, the Council of State and the English Parliament that "all the lading, both silver and merchandize in the said ships, did appertain to the King of Spain and his subjects, and none other"^[27]

Early December 1652: Order of English Parliament to the Admiralty Court Judges to proceed to judgement concerning the three silver ships^[28]

December 8th 1652: The goldsmith Thomas Violet laidd a paper before the Council of State begging a strict enquiry relative to the three silver ships as they awaited judgement in the Admiralty Court as to whether they were good prize.^[29] Violet claims subsequently that his paper or writing was referred to the Committee for Foreign Affairs, and that in his writing "Your Supplicant discovered the fraudulent Practises of the Spanish Embassadour, an[?d] Duke Leopoldus and his Agents, to defraud the Parliament of a Vast Summ of Treasure, above three hundred Thousand Pounds; which was brought up into the River as a Prize, in three ships, viz. The Sampson, Salvador, and George".^[30]

December 13th 1652: Council of State ordered that Thomas Violet assist Dr Walker, the Commonwealth advocate, in prosecuting the three silver ships.^[31]

December 17th 1652: Thomas Violet made a protest in the Admiralty Court "against the Judges and their Proceedings." Apparently this was the day the Judges were intending to discharge the ships.^[32]

December 17th 1652: Thomas Violet was required to appeare before the Council of State at 3 pm, at the demand of the Admiralty Court, "to answer before the Counsel for his actions. Judge Exton, for the Admiralty Court, apparently clained that Violet's protest was "made against and contrary to an order of Parliament". Violet claims that "upon full debate in the Counsel of State, these three ships and silver were all (by Order of Counsel) stayed" and Violet thanked for his service, "and presently commanded with all diligence to make his proof, whereby to disprove the Spanish Ambassadors Claims"^[33]

1653

Possibly early 1653: Petition of Juan de lossa Barrona, a Spaniard born in Segovia, Spain, regarding the seizure of his goods in the ship the Saint George of Hamburg (Master: John Martin), leading to he himself being detained in London hoping that the ship with her lading would be released "to finish her voyage to Ostend". The ship not being released, the petitioners business affairs pressed for him to depart to Flanders.^[34]

January 21st or 22nd 1653: Various Admiralty Court deponents testifying on behalf of the Commonwealth claim to have been in company of Cornelius Peterson, trumpeter of the ship the Salvador at the sign of the ship in Woolwich, and that Petrson confessed that all three silver ships belonged to Holland and specifically that the ship the Salvador was bound for Amsterdam when she was seized.^[35]

1654

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1655

April 3rd 1655: Petition to the English Admiralty Court judges of Christian Cloppenburgh, master of the ship the Sampson, on behalf of himself and the rest of the owners of the ship. States his ship has been detained for more than two years depending on a suit in the Admiralty Court about proving her to be prize and that a sentence had recently been passed by the Court setting the ship and her freight free. However, Thomas Violet had put in information that some silver had been purloyned or embeazled out of a different ship (the Salvadore (Master: Otto George)), and that under this pretence the ship had been further detained. Asked the Court that his ship be speedily discharged to save him and it from utter ruin.^[36]

April 3rd 1655: Petition to the English Admiralty Court judges of John Martindorp, master of the ship the Saint George, on behalf of himself and the rest of the owners of the ship. Similar plea to the petition of the same date made by Christian Cloppenburgh.^[37]

1656

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1657

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1658

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1659

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Witness list

Please add witness details and linked references in alphabetical order of witness.

William Astell of the parish of Allhallows Barking London Chirurgeon aged 60 yeares^[38]
William Astell of the parish of All Hallowes Barking London Chirurgeon, aged 60 yeares^[39]
Beniamin Bathurst of London Merchant aged 19 yeares
Albert Bechere of the free Citie of Lubeck Mariner at present Master or Commander of the shipp the King David of London aged 47. yeares^[40]
Joachim Beene of hamborough Mariner aged 35. yeares^[41]
Joachim Beene of hamborough Mariner aged 35. yeares^[42]
Antonio Fernandez Caravashall of London Merchant aged 54 yeares^[43]
Antonio Fernandez Caravashell of London Merchant aged 54 yeares^[44]
Christian Cloppenburgh of hamborough Mariner aged 43. yeares^[45]
Christian Cloppenburgh of Hamborough Mariner Master of the shipp the Salvadore aged 44 yeares^[46]
Christian Cloppenburgh of hamborough Mariner aged 43 yeares^[47]
Antonio da Ponte of Teneriffa in the Canary Islands merchant aged twenty eight yeares,ref>|HCA 13/68 f.61v</ref>
Antonio Estevan de Balderas of Limma in the West Indies merchant aged 38 yeares^[48]
Carsten Franck of Lubeck Shipwright aged 32. yeares^[49]
Carsten Franck of Lubeck shipwright aged 32. yeares^[50]
Abraham Johnson of the precinct of Saint Catherins neere the Tower of London Sailemaker aged 35 yeares^[51]
Magdalena Hendricks the wife of Abraham Johnson living in the Minories neere London aged thirty two yeares^[52]
Magdalena Hendrickes the wife of Abraham Johnson living in the Minneries nere London wall saylemaker, aged thirtie two yeares^[53]
Roger Kilvert of London Marchant, aged 67 yeares^[54]
Robert Kilvert of London Merchant aged 67. yeares^[55]
John Lowers of Masterland in Norway Mariner aged 26. yeares^[56]
John Lowers of Masterland in Norway Mariner aged 26. yeares^[57]
John Martenson-Dorp of hamborough Mariner aged 53. yeares^[58]
Jurian Martinson of fflintzbourgh in Holsteinland Mariner, aged 34 yeares^[59]
William Pembridge of the Parrish of Saint Magnus London Habberdasher aged 42 yeares^[60]
William Pembridge of the parish of Saint Magnus London haberdasher, aged 48 yeares^[61]
Stephen Puckle of Eastsmithfeild neere London Merchant aged fifty nine yeares^[62]
Stephen Puckle of East Smithfeild neere London Merchant aged fifty nyne yeares^[63]
Hance Ramke of Hamborough Mariner aged 40 yeares^[64]
Hans Ramkey of hamborough Mariner aged 40 yeares^[65]
Peter Rokes of Lubeck in Germania Mariner Steeresman of the shipp the Goulden Grape of dantsick aged 43. yeares^[66]
Henry Slegar of hamborough Saylor aged 23. yeares^[67]
Henry Slucker of hamborough Mariner aged 23 yeares^[68]
ffrancis Thoris of London Merchant aged forty eight
Giles Vandeputt of the parish of Saint Martins Orgers in the City of London Merchant aged 32 yeares^[69]
Henrick Vett of hamborough Mariner aged 36. yeares^[70]

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Primary source material other than depositions

HCA 15/6 Box 2

Item: Petition of Christian Cloppenburgh: Date: April 3rd 1655^[71]

Item: Petition of John Martindorp: Date: April 3rd 1655^[72]

Calendar of State Papers Domestic: Interregnum

"1652: 26. The Committee for Foreign Affairs to sit on Monday. The Admiralty Judges and Dr. Walker to attend, and report what has been done in that court about the ships Samson, Salvador, and George. 27. Orders for regulating Council's proceedings to be considered on Monday. 28-30. Serjeant Dendy, Mr. Scutt..."^[73]

"Jun 1653: ...Admiralty Court, and deliver in on oath after the usual manner the papers now sealed up, which were taken out of the Samson, Salvadore, and George. 10, 11. Mr. Perrott and Mr. Throckmorton, prisoners with the Serjeant-at-arms for being engaged in a challenge, to be dismissed on bonds in 1,000 l . and two..."^[74]

"Dec. 1654: Warrants of the Council of State, Generals of the Fleet, &c ...Bristol, to transport 40 draugh t nags to Barbadoes, for the use of the sugar mills, on the same terms as others. 120 — — " 21 " Pass For Eliz. Meutis to Flanders 127 — — " " " Comrs. for Sale of Dutch Prizes. To seize and secure some gold and silver embezzled from the Samson, Salvador, and George in the..."^[75]

"1654: the Admiralty Committee to request the Protector and Council for an order to dispose of the Samson, Salvadore, and George, which had the great quantity of silver on board, to the best advantage of the State, the Prize Goods' Commissioners reporting that they are much injured by having lain 2 years in..."^[76]

"Sep 1653: the Samson, Salvadore, and George, and to take down in writing all the preparations of evidence and proofs thereupon, and draw a full plea by his advice for the protection for the State's interest, and to give in the names of all the material witnesses they know of, that the points may be proved by..."
^[77]

"Nov 1653: consideration of a paper from the Spanish ambassador presented this day to the council, concerning certain bags of wooll, taken out of the Samson, Salvador, and George, and to examine the matter of fact, and for their better information to send for doctor Walker, and such other persons, papers, and witnesses as..."
^[78]

NEED TO COMPLETE LINKING OF TEXT BELOW

Volume 32 - January 1653

Calendar of State Papers Domestic: Interregnum, 1652-3

send an account to Mr. Thurloe tomorrow of their proceedings against the Samson, Salvador, and George, and the whole state of that business. 3. The petition of Col. Ryley to be considered on Wednesday, and he to be here. 4. Mr. Thurloe to draw up a paper to be offered to Council, to be sent to foreign

http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=53415

Volume 34 - March 1653

Calendar of State Papers Domestic: Interregnum, 1652-3

referred to the Committee for Foreign Affairs. 15. Mr. Thurloe to declare to Dr. Walker that he may give such answers as he thinks fit to the paper published by the advocate of Flanders, upon the proceedings in the Admiralty Court upon the Samson, Salvadore, and George, and publish the same if he see

http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=53417

Volume 33 - February 1653

Calendar of State Papers Domestic: Interregnum, 1652-3

February 1653 Feb. 1. 4. Order in the Council for Trade and Foreign Affairs, that the account brought in by the Admiralty Judges of their proceedings in the Admiralty Court, on the Samson, Salvador, and George, be presented to Council. [ I . 132, p . 61.] Feb. 1. 1, 2. Petition of Thomas Jennings

http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=53416

Volume 76 - September 1654

Calendar of State Papers Domestic: Interregnum, 1654

into one treasury. [ Excise Coll. pp . 149–154, Vol . 98, June 1655.] [Sept. 2.] 12. Dr. Walter Walker to Sec. Thurloe. It appears by yours that the Hamburg agent urges a judgment on the Samson, Salvador, and George. I waited on you yesterday at Whitehall about it, but could not see you. The matter of

http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=53456

State Papers, 1654 - March (5 of 5)

A collection of the State Papers of John Thurloe, volume 2

ships the Samson, Salvadore, and St. George, in the port of Cadiz, being his own port, several bags of wools, to be transported to another port of his own in Flanders, for his own account, there to be delivered to his assistants, for his own account, towards the payment of his armies. That these ships

http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=55311

Volume 36 - May 1653

Calendar of State Papers Domestic: Interregnum, 1652-3

of Otho George and others interested in the three silver ships, Salvador, Samson, and George. That they made the purser alter his book, taking out the names of all Hollanders and Zealanders, and inserting others. That they threw letters overboard tied to an iron bar, on coming into the Downs. That

http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=53419

Volume 130 - October 1656

Calendar of State Papers Domestic: Interregnum, 1656-7

the next post after I have received the value. I am surprised your friends do not put another address on your letters. [1 page, French .] Oct. 20. 63. Shorthand notes of proceedings in the Committee upon the case of the [silver] ships Samson, Salvador, and George. [3¼ pages, undecyphered .] Oct. 21.

http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=54487

[ADD DATA]

List of individuals

Peter Eleston/Eleson, innkeeper of the Goulden Posthorne on the sea dike in Amsterdam
John Martindorp (Master: The Saint George)
Tam (Master: The Goulden Sunn)
Hanse Younger (Master: The Mercurius)

Cast of Characters

Please add key characters in the affair of the silver ships, together with short referenced profiles of the characters.

Christian Cloppenburgh

Master of the ship the Salvadore of Hamburg. Aged forty-four in June 1655.^[79]

Antonio Estevan de Balderas

Spanish merchant, resident in Lima in the Spanish West Indies.^[80]

Otto George

Master of the ship the Sampson of Lubeck (December 1646-November 1654). According to the Hamburg mariner Joachim Beene, Otto George was earlier the commander of the ship the Saint Lucar de Barrameda, and sailed her in 1646 from Cadiz to Hamburg, where in December 1646 Otto George left the ship and went on to Lubeck "expressely (as hee the said Otto then declared to this examinate) to buy the said ship the Sampson.^[81] Joachim Beene suggests that Otto George was "first made skipper of her about December 1646, or in the beginning of the ensueing yeare 1647, in which yeare this deponent saw her in Spaine under the conduct of the said Otto George." Beene states that the very first voyage of the Sampson was made from Lubeck to Spain in 1647.^[82]

Born in Hamburg, Otto George died in 1654 a married man, keeping his wife in Lubeck from at least 1647.^[83] Despite his birth in Hamburg, Otto George was "a citizen and inhabitant of Lubeck".^[84]

According to the steeresman of the Danzig ship the Goulden Grape, Otto George left the city of London in roughly November 1653 "sick and weake" and returned to Lubeck where he "shortly after did depart this life", and was buried in Lubeck.^[85] The Hamburg mariner Joachim Beene adds the detail that Otto George "being sick and diseased" imbarqued himself on the ship the Neptune of Hamburg (Master: Martin Holst) bound for Hamburg "with an intention to goe to Lubeck."^[86]

Jaspar Lorenzo

Spanish merchant claiming to have lost three cerons of cutchineele in the ship the Salvadore.^[87]

John Martindorp

Master of the ship the Saint George of Hamburg

Ferdinando Nunez

Spanish merchant.^[88]

Ships

Please create profile of ships named in the case of the three silver ships.

Golden Sunn

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Crew and passengers

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Mercurius

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Crew and passengers

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Saint George

The Saint George of Hamburg (Master: John Martindorp)

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Crew and passengers

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Salvadore

The Salvadore of Hamburg (Master: Christian Cloppenburg). Built in 1647 in Hamburg.

The forty year old Hamburg mariner Hance Ramke claims to have been an eye witness to the building of the ship the Salvadore at Hamburg. Ramke names the exact place of building as "a place called the Tarr-host where this deponent sawe her as shee was building upon the stocks, and sawe her finished and sawe her launched, and ever since her said building shee hath belonged to the port of Hamborough."^[89]

Crew and passengers

[ADD DATA]

Sampson

The Sampson of Lubeck (Master: Otto George)

Built by the shipwright Jurian Steeckman, a burger and inhabitant of Lubeck, in 1646.^[90]

Crew and passengers

Antonio da Ponte of Teneriffa in the Canary Islands merchant aged twenty eight yeares,ref>|HCA 13/68 f.61v</ref>

[ADD DATA]

List of ships crews

Saint George

John Martindorp (aka. Martenson-Dorp) - master of the Saint George
John Lowers - member of the crew of the Saint George. A twenty-six year old mariner of Masterland in Norway.
Juan de lossa Barron - passenger on the Saint George. Spanish merchant.
Henrick Vett - formerly a member of the crew of the Saint George. A thirty-six year old mariner of Hamburg. Brother-in-law of John Martindorp, the ship's captain. Witnessed the ships's building at Hamburg in 1652. Appears to have kept the books for the ship for the last 19 months prior to his deposition in the English Admiralty Court in November 1654.^[91]

Salvadore

Christian Cloppenburgh - master of the Salvadore
Carsten Franck - ships carpenter on the Salvadore
Hance Ramke - formerly a member of the company of the Salvadore. A forty year old mariner of Hamburg.
Henry Slegar - member of the company of the Salvadore at the time of her seizure. A twenty-three year old sailor of Hamburg.

Sampson

Otto George - master of the Sampson
Antonio da Ponte - passenger on the Sampson accompanying goods from Cadiz. A twenty-eight year old merchant of Teneriffa in the Canary Islands.

All legal cases relating to the three Silver Ships

The Clayme of Blases da La Pyna of Sevill for his goods in the shipp the Salvador whereof Christian Cloppenbergh is Captaine taken by a shipp of the Parliaments fleet under the Command of Capt PomXXX^[92]

The Lord Protector against the shipp the Saint George (whereof John Martendorpe is Master) and against daniel [?Sloter] and others coming in for their interest

The Lord Protector against the Salvador whereof Christian Cloppenburgh is master and against Brandes and others^[93]

The Lord Protector against the shipp the Sampson (whereof Otto George was Master) and against Vincent van Campen and others comeing in for their interest^[94]

1. ↑ Wikipedia, First Anglo-Dutch War
2. ↑ For example, The Clayme of Blases da La Pyna of Sevill for his goods in the shipp the Salvador whereof Christian Cloppenbergh is Captaine taken by a shipp of the Parliaments fleet under the Command of Capt PomXXX; and The clayme of Christopher Boone et cetera.
3. ↑ Item: Petition of Christian Cloppenburgh: Date: April 3rd 1655; Item: Petition of John Martindorp: Date: April 3rd 1655
4. ↑ Henry William Henfrey, Numismata Cromwelliana: or, The medallic history of Oliver Cromwell, illustrated by his coins, medals, and seals (London, 1877), pp.31-33
5. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.148v Annotate
6. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.733r; HCA 13/70 f.714v; PROB 11/267/429 Will of Roger Kilvert, Merchant of London 17 September 1657; PROB 11/296/118 Will of Anthony Fernandez Carnajall, Merchant of London 03 December 1659
7. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.733r
8. ↑ Deposition of Charles Chillingworth in case of 'Michaell de Haze ffoppe Wessell and other owners of the Sea ffortune against Antonio ffernandez Caravaihall and Roger Kilvert, Nov. 25th 1656', HCA 13/71 f.423v
9. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.713r
10. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.712v; HCA 13/70 f.713r
11. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.713r
12. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.711r
13. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.711v
14. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.711v; HCA 13/70 f.711v
15. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.711v
16. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.711r
17. ↑ Add reference
18. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.752r
19. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.135r
20. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.387v
21. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.139r
22. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.140r
23. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.138v
24. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.141v
25. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.141v
26. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.148v Annotate
27. ↑ [XXX, p.9]
28. ↑ [XXX, p.10]
29. ↑ https://archive.org/stream/cu31924029825373#page/n49/mode/2up Henry William Henfrey, Numismata Cromwelliana: or, The medallic history of Oliver Cromwell, illustrated by his coins, medals, and seals (London, 1877), p. 32]
30. ↑ [XXX, p.8-9]
31. ↑ https://archive.org/stream/cu31924029825373#page/n49/mode/2up Henry William Henfrey, Numismata Cromwelliana: or, The medallic history of Oliver Cromwell, illustrated by his coins, medals, and seals (London, 1877), p. 32]
32. ↑ [XXX, p.11]
33. ↑ [XXX, p.11]
34. ↑ HCA 15/6 Box 2 no fol.
35. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.712v
36. ↑ HCA 15/6 Box 2 no fol.
37. ↑ HCA 15/6 Box 2 no fol.
38. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.712v
39. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.731v
40. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.134r
41. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.137r
42. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.753r
43. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.714v
44. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.733v
45. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.142v
46. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.387v
47. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.725v
48. ↑ HCA 13/68 f.175r
49. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.140v
50. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.755r
51. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.709r
52. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.720r
53. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.724r
54. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.713v
55. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.733r
56. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.139v
57. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.754v
58. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.145v
59. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.728r
60. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.713r
61. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.732r
62. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.717v
63. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.749r
64. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.734v
65. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.754r
66. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.136r
67. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.141v
68. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.756r
69. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.148v
70. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.751v
71. ↑ HCA 15/6 Box 2 no fol.
72. ↑ HCA 15/6 Box 2 no fol.
73. ↑ CSPD:Interregnum: Volume 26 - December and Undated, 1652. 1652
74. ↑ CSPD:Interregnum: Volume 37 - June 1653
75. ↑ CSPD:Interregnum: Volume 77 - December 1654
76. ↑ CSPD:Interregnum: Volume 77 - December 1654
77. ↑ CSPD:Interregnum: Volume 40 - September 1653
78. ↑ A collection of the State Papers of John Thurloe, volume 1: State Papers, 1653 - November (2 of 5)
79. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.387v
80. ↑ HCA 13/68 f.175r
81. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.137v
82. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.138r
83. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.135v
84. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.136r
85. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.136r
86. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.138r
87. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.387v
88. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.387v
89. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.734v
90. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.135r
91. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.752v
92. ↑ HCA 13/68 f.175r
93. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.734v
94. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.134r
95. ↑ HCA 13/71 f.382r