MRP: C5/53/78 f. 1
C5/53/78 f. 1
Abstract
Samuell Sowton and Thomas Cutler were two young merchants living in Stockholm in the early 1660s, having been sent out to act as correspondents for Sir William Ryder and Thomas' father, William Cutler.
C5/53/78 f. 1 is a bill of complaint brought in Chancery by Sowton against Thomas Cutler, alleging that Thomas owes Sowton considerable sums of money. According to the bill, Thomas Cutler had returned to England in 1665, leaving Sowton in Stockholm. Before Thomas' departure, Thomas was allegedly already considerably in debt to Sowton, which he agreed to satisfy either by bills of exchange or by goods to be shipped to Sowton by Thomas Cutler from London. Furthermore, they allegedly agreed to trade in joint partnership after Thomas Cutler's return to England.
Sowton criticises Thomas Cutler's commercial behaviour and rues that he gave credit to Cutler's "fair speeches and spatious p:rtences." He accuses Cutler of behaving less than "candidly" and of "Actings and contryvances." Large sums of money were allegedly "unpaid and unsatisfied." Sowton describes his own financial vulnerability, being in Stockholm "a stranger there and his creditt and reputation very much concerned in makeing exact payments." Cutler's failure to remit money to Sowton allegedly endangered Sowton's ability to honour his own debts in a timely manner. Sowton claims a malicious intent by Cutler after Cutler's return to London to damage him: "minding and intending to advance himselfe by his Orato:rs ruine" and claims that Cutler took "no care to pay and satisfy yo:r Orato:r such moneys as yo:r Orato:r had paid for him the said Thomas Cutler in Sweeden." Worse still, Sowton drew bills of exchange on people nominated by Cutler and the bills came back protested, threatening Sowton with "the utter ruine of yo:r Orato:r he being in a strange country as aforesaid and not being able to pay such money as he owed haveing laid out his stock of moneys for the said Thomas Cutler as aforesaid." A further complaint of Sowton is that Cutler had agreed to trade with him, Samuel Sowton, in partnership, but that Thomas Cutler persistently shipped goods to him in Stockholm under the false names of his brother, Nicholas Cutler, and others, to avoid sharing the profits of the trade in the partnership.
C5/53/78 f. 2 is a lengthy answer by Thomas Cutler to Sowton's bill of complaint. It contests many key facts of Sowton's bill. In particular it asserts that no joint partnership was formed, rather a looser agreement to cooperate in shipping goods in both directions between London and Stockholm.
C5/53/78 f. 3 and C5/53/78 f. 4 are two parts of one statement of account made by Thomas Cutler and attached to his answer, covering the mutual obligations of Samuel Sowton adn Thomas Cutler. It ressembles a ledger book, but is not the ledger book itself, and may well be a selective abstract of data by Thomas Cutler to "prove" his counter assertions against Sowton. Neverthless, it provides useful information on the nature of products imported and exported and some of the customers that Cutler and Sowton dealt with in Sweden and elsewhere.
Transcription
//To the Right Honourable S:r Orlando Bridgman Kn:t and Barronet//
//Lord Keeper of the great Seale of England//
//Humbly Complayning sheweth unto yo:r goord Lordshipp yo:r dayly Orato:r Samuell Sowton of the Citty of London Merchant that in the year of our Lord one thousand six hundred sixty and four one Thomas Cutler also Marchant and yo:r Orato:r were at Stockholme in the Kingdome//
//of Sweeden upn Comission of S:r William Rider Knight and William Cutler And the said Thomas Cutler and yo:r Orato:r did pay sevrall summes of money each for other so that in the Month of December in the year of our Lord one thousand six hundred sixty five he the said Thomas//
//Cutler was indebted to yo:r Orator for moneys paid for him by yo:r Orat:r in Sweeden in the summe of seaventeene thousand nine hundred seaventy five Sweed Dollars or thereabouts which amount to eight hundred fifty five pounds nineteene shillings sterling money as by the books of accompt//
//kept by yo:r Orato:r and the said Thomas Cutler if pduced to this hon:ble Court would plainly appeare And yo:r Oarto:r further sheweth that the said Thomas Cutler about the Month of Decemb:r in the said year one thousand six hundred sixty five departed from Stockholm and//
//XXXXX for the port of London but before such his Departure did desire that yo:r Orato:r and hee the said Thomas Cutler might trade together and hold Correspondence with other and that hee and yo:r Orato:r might be equally concerned in proffit and losse of alll goods which yo:r
//Orato:r should ship from Stockholme aforesaid and consigne to him the said Thomas Cutler and that yo:r Orato:r might be equally concerned with him the said Thomas Cutler in all goods which he the said Thomas should shipp from London & consigne to yo:r Orato:r whereunto
//yo:r Orato:r and the said Thomas Cutler did agree and alsoe to pay the one moiety of all such money as should be paid for such goods And he the said Thomas Cutler both before & after he came to England from Sweeden XXX XXXX did p:rmise to satisfy and pay yo:r Orato:r the said//
//seaventeene thousand nine hundred seaventy five dollars either by goods which he intended as he alleadged to consigne to yo:r Orato:r from London or else by payment of bills of exchange in fforeigne parts which he would order yo:r Orato:r to Draw upon some pson or//
//psons which should accept and pay the same And yo:r Orato:r further sheweth That the said Thomas Cutler before he came from Stockholme aforesaid was indebted to severall psons there and ordered y:e Orato:r to pay and satisfy the same and to manage & defend//
//such suites as should be brought in Stockholme aforesaid for money from him the said Thomas Cutler or whatever might concerne his pticuler and p:rmissed to reimburse the charges of such suites to yo:r Orato:r and to satisfy yo:r Orato:r for his trouble//
//and paines therein and did faithfully pmise to remitt yo:r Orato.r such money as yo:r Orato:r should XXX lay out for him the said Thomas Cutler by bills of Exchange or otherwise And the said Thomas Cutler afterwards to witt about the Month of ffebruary//
//in the year of our Lord one thousand six hundred sixty and ??five aforesaid arrived at the port of London And being before concerned with yo:r Orato:r in a great pcell of Tobacco in the sound in parts beyond the seas which yo:r Orato:r paid for and managed for the said ioynt account//
//of the said Thomas Cutler and yo:r Orato:r he the said Thomas Cutler pmissed to pay the moiety of the moneys paid by yo:r Orato:r for the same the moiety whereof amounted to eight thousand six hundred eighty six Sweede Dollars & halfe a Dollar or thereabouts And being also then//
//concerned XXXX XXX XXXX in apcell of Iron ?soutas as an adventure in a certaine shipp called the half moone to Portsmouth and paid for by yo:r Orato:r he the said Thomas Cutler promised to pay yo:r Orato:r a moiety or else one third part of the moneys paid for the same the ?moeity of which//
//moneys came to eight thousand Dollars or thereabouts which sevrall summes doe amount to the summe of one thousand six hundres & fifty pounds eleven shillings sterling money which said money the saidThomas Cutler promised to satisfy and pay yo:r Orato:r by bills of//
//Exchange that yo:r Oratour should draw And yo:r Orato:r further sheweth that giving creditt to the fair speeches and ?spatious p:rtences which the said Thomas Cutler made to yo:r Orato:r he yo:r Orato:r did lay out and disburse for him the said Thomas Cutler divers//
//other great summes of money which is altogether unpaid and unsatisfied to yo:r Orato:r amounting to the summe of eight thousand foure hundred twenty four Dollars and halfe Dollar or thereabouts which is four hundred & one pound three shillings four pence sterling money And//
//yo:r Orato:r being in Stockholme aforesaid and a stranger there and his creditt and reputation very much concerned in makeing exact payments did hope the said Thomas Cutler would have remitted money to yo:r Oratour according to his large promisses aforesaid//
//But so it is may it please yo:r good Lopp that the said Thomas Cutler minding and intending to advance himselfe by his Orato:rs ruine (as yo:r Orato:r hath good cause to beleive) did after he was arrived to the port of London take no care to pay and satisfy//
//yo:r Orato:r such moneys as yo:r Orato:r had paid for him the said Thomas Cutler in Sweeden And notwithstandinge yo:r Orato:r draw bills of Exchange for considerable summes of money on certaine psons by his appointment yett the said bills came back ptested which was like to have bin//
//the utter ruine of yo:r Orato:r he being in a strange country as aforesaid and not being able to pay such money as he owed haveing laid out his stock of moneys for the said Thomas Cutler as aforesaid And he the said Thomas Cutler did ?keepe yo:r Orato:r out of two//
//thousand pounds or some such like ['like' is crossed out in original] summe which he owed to yo:r Orato:r sewall amountes and in a year and a halfe time paid not the same to yo:r Orato:r which was a greate losse & detriment to yo:r Orato:r not being able to make iust payments as aforesaid And he the//
//said Thomas Cutler did send and consign dives parcells of goods and Merchandizes from London to yo:r Orato:r in the names of other psons which in truth were for his owne pper account purposely to defraud this Orato:r of his moiety of the profitt & proceed of such goods//
//allthough he had sufficient of yo:r Orato:rs moneys in his hands to pay for such goods and did it purposely to bring about his uniust designe aforesaid And in pticuler he the said Thomas Cutler sent and consigned to yo:r Orato.r four & twenty Tunnes of sugar in the name//
//of his brother Nicholas Cutler whereas in truth the said Thomas Cutler by private agreem:t betweene him to have and receive all the pfitt & prceed of such sugars and bought & paid
//repaid by the said Thomas Cutler the pfitt of which sugars came to five hundred pounds sterling and that better to colour his designes he the said Thomas Cutler at the same time sent a small prcell of sugar to yo:r Orato.r for the ioynt account of him and yo:r
//Orato:r And refused to gie yo:r Orato:r any account of whom he bought the said sugars which he ought not to have ??refused it being expressly contrary to his agreem:t aforesaid and for that he had then sufficient moneys of yo:r Orato:r in his hands to ?part for such goods//
//And he the said Thomas Cutler sent to yo:r Orato:r thirty nine hundred one quarter & twenty six pounds weight of cotton white he ptends although he did buy the same cheap than he puts it downe to yo:r Orato.rs accompts of the same did rise in value//
//for the same and that yo:r Orato:r should not discover the truth thereof will not discover to yo:r Orato:r of whom he bought the same and ptends although he did buy the same
//as much as he hath charged when he consigned the same to yo:r Orato:r and was then the price Currant which if true is falatious and a breach of the trust yo:r reposed in him and is contrary to his agreem:t aforesaid And also sent yo:r Orato.r one hundred//
//forty three Rolls of S:t Christophers Tobacco instead of Piggtail Tobacco and charges the same in his Accompt to yo:r Orato:r at eight pence p pound whereas in truth the same was not worth two pence p pound and could not at most cost more than three pence p//
//pound and doth deny to discover to yo:r Orato:r where he bought the same or of whom or to show his books of account to yo:r Orato:r where he bought the same or of whom or to show his books of account to yo:r Orato:r which menconns the paym:t of the moneys for the same tobaccos and sugars And in Regard the same Tobacco was not such as//
//he writt to yo:r Orato:r he had sent the sd Thomas Cutler ought to take the same to his owne account but but he refuses so to doe And made yo:r Orato:r debtors to him for the same moiety thereof at eight pence p pound And ?so managed his contXXXXX from time//
//to time that all such goods as he consigned unto yo:r Orato:r which in pbability would pduce considerable proffitt such were sent in the names of other perssons though in truth upon his pper account and goods of inconsiderable value were set up on the ioynt//
//Accompt of him the said Thomas Cutler & yo:r Orato:r so that he the said Thomas Cutler did not deale so candidly & justly with yo:r Orato:r as he ought to have done And he the said Thomas Cuttler did unjustly XXX and Accept a certaine shipp whereof Thomas//
//??Clanson was Comander wherein yo:r Orato:r sent and consigned a great pcell of Iron to one Samuell Heron & gott the same into his hands by giveing the said Tho?rine Clausen a Note tor writeing to save him harmless whereby yo:r Orato:r was damnifyed one hundred pounds sterling//
//And afterwards the said Thomas Cutler sold thirty Tun of the said Iron under the Markett price forty shilling p Tunn or if he sold the same at any greater Rate he hath not given yo:r Orato:r an account thereof nor will he discover to yo:r Orato:r whom he sold the//
//same Iron And he the said Thomas Cutler refuse to pay and satisfy yo:r Orato.r six and twenty thousand Dollars deposited by yo:r Orato.r for him the said Thomas Cutler in Sweeden as security in the hands of one ffrancis Sheldon who is ??back to sewall XXXX//
//brought in Sweden for XXXXXXX in and XX XXXX upon his the said Thomas Cutler & p accompt nor will he allow and pay yo:r Orato:r other great summes of which yo:r Orator shath paid upon & for his pper account and by his order which ??he said Thomas//
//Either ought to pay and satisfy And if he will come to a faire and iust accompt with yo:r Orato:r (which he hath hitherto refused to doe) it will plainely appeare that he the said Thomas Cutler is indebted to yo:r Orato:r in a very considerable summe of money//
//And although he knows in his conscience the p:rmisses aforesett forth to be true yett to psecute his designe against yo:r doth refuse to come to a faire and iust account with yo:r Orato:r and that he may XXXX yo:r Orato:rs Creditt doth give XXXX in speeches y:t//
//yo:r Orato:r is indebted to him the said Thomas Cutler in a great summe of money And that he will recover the same from yo:r Orato:r And that he will recover the same from yo:r Orato:r And well knowing yo:r Orator:rs witnesses to pve the p:rmisses aforesaid are in Sweden hath lately caused XXX to be XXtreated//
//in the Lord Maiors Court London un an Accon upon the Case and hath laid his damages to four thousand pounds wich accon yo:r Orato:r caused to be removed into his Majesty's Court of Kings Bench where the same is now depending And thXXXX the said Thomas//
//Cutler hath declared against yo:r Orato:r upon a Generall Assumpsit for forty seaven thousand three hundred twenty seaven dollars and likewise for five hundred forty eight pounds two shillings six pencer sterling money which in all amounts to ?two thousand eight//
//hundred and one pound sixteene and six pence sterling money and presenteth the same with great daXXXXXndss and gives out in his speeches that he will pduce yo:r Orato:rs letter to pve the same which ?menton the disposall of ??resXXXXd goods ?he XX & will//
//not take any notice of the whole Account and off the moneys rdaly due to yo:r Orato:r thereupon which he ought to doe and come to a fair and iust account with yo:r Orato:r which the Actings and contrivances of the said Thomas Cutler are contrary to equity ?&//
//?lend (Or, tend) to yo:r Orato:r apparent wrong & injury In tender consideraton of which p:rmisses and for that matters aforesaid were trans?atted by yo:r Orato:r in the Kingdom of Sweeden and his witnesses that should pve the same being in parts beyond the seas//
//yo:r Orato:r is not releivable in the p:rmises by the strict Rules of the Common Law of this Kingdome but is pporéy releivable in this high and hon:ble court of Chancery where yo:r Orato:r hopes the said Thomas Cutler will ingeniously confesse the ?truth of the p:rmisses//
//To the intent therfore that the said Thomas Cutler may true Answeares make to All and singular the p:rmisses afoesaid upon his corporall oath and may come to a fair and iust account with yo:r Orato:r touching all such tradeing and dealing as have then betweene//
//him and yo:r Orato:r & for the matters before sett forth and may sett forth whether he was notconcerned with yo:r Orato:r in Stockholme as aforesaid And whether he did not come from Stockholme aforesaid for the port of London about the time aforesett forth And was//
//not then indebted to yo:r Orato:r in the summe of seaventeene thousand nine hundred seaventy five Dollars or some such summe & what summe & whether he did no p:rmise to pay & satisfy yo:r Orato:r the same summe by remitting goods to yo:r Orato:r from London//
//upon the Joynt account of him the said Thomas Cutler & yo:r Orato:r or by ordering the payment of such bills of exchange as yo:r Orato:r should Draw XXXX such psons as the said Thomas Cutler should ?direct and whether he did not before he ?came XXX//
//from Stockholme aforesaid ?matter agree & prXXXX that yo:r Orato.r should be concerned in the moiety of all such goods as he the said Thomas Cutler should consigne to yo:r Orato.r from the port of London and did not ppose that XXX to pay yo:r Orato:r his said moneys & ?such ?other//
//moneys as yo:r Orato:r should lay out And disburse in Sweeden aforesaid for him the said Thomas Cutler & whether at his comeing away from Stockholme aforesaid had the said Thomas Cutler was not molested & XXXX XXXXX goods of him & yo:r Orato:r ??deteyned for//
//divers summes due & oweing upon his the said Thomas Cutlers pper account And whether he did not Impoure yo:r Orato:r to manage and defend such suites and did not p:rmise to pay and satisfy yo:r Orato:r all such moneys as he should exXXXX in XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX//
//as security in the hands of any pson to become baile & security in such suites And whether yo:r Orato:r did not as he hath credibly heard & verily beleived XXXXX six and ?twenty thousand Dollars or summe other great summe in the hands of one ffrancis ??Sheldon XXXXXXXXXXXX//
//??given in Sweeden to become bayle in severall suites brought against the said Thomas Cutler or for his pp debt And whether he was not equally concerned with yo:r Orato:r in a great pcell of Tobacco in the sound about the time Last menconned and whether yo:r Orato:r did//
//not pay for such Tobacco and was not to have had & received the moiety of such moneys as he paid for the same or some pt thereof of him the said Thomas Cutler and whether he the said Thomas Cutler did not order yo:r Orato:r to draw bills of exchange ?on//
//and ??secured for a great summe of moneyes and what summe and did not order the said ??seccurers to accompt such bills or at least acquaint yo:r Orato:r that he had given him such order And whether yo:r Orato:r did not as he knoweth hath//
//heard or beleived draw bills accordingly and the same bills did not come back ptested And the reason thereof And may sett forth whether he paid yo:r Orato:r the said seaveenteene thousand nine hundred seaventy five Dollars & how he paid the same & XXX//
//and whether he paid yo:r Orat:r his moity of the moneyes that yo:r Orato:r paid fpr the said Tobacco in the sound which came to eight thousand six hundred eighty six & half a Dollar & how he paid the same & when and may also sett forth whether he was and ?consented//
//with yo:r Orato:r in a pcell of Iron ?sedulas as an adventure to Portsmouth by yo:r Orato:r and whether your Orato:r did not pay for the same ??pcell XXXX And he the said Thomas Cutler did not pmise to pay a moyety or one third part of the monyes paid for the same the XXXXXXX of which was XXX//
//??come to Eight thousand dollars or thereabouts which is three hundred & Eighty pounds in sterling & whether he paid the same to yo:r Orato.r & in whatt manner And how long after yo:r Orato:r sent the same as aforesaid And whether he doth not know beleive or hath readilly heard//
//that your Orato:r did lay out and expend by his order and upon his pp account divers other consierable summes of money & how much & whether he hath paid yo:r Orato:r the same & how & when And whether the said Thomas Cutler did not about the month of ?June//
//or July in the yeare of o:r Lord one thousand six hundred sixty & six informe yo:r Orator that he intended to consigne to yo:r Orato:r four & twenty Tun or some such great quantity of sugar upon the ioynt Account of him the said Thomas Cutler & yo:r Orato:r& XXXXX//
//was not then a debtor to yo:r Orato:r in much more moneys then would pay yo:r Orators moiety of the moneys pd for such sugars and whether hee did not afterwards send & consigne to yo:r Orato:r such quantities of sugar in the name of Nicholas Cutler and whether the ??said//
//sugars were really bought and paid for by the said Nicholas or by him the said Thomas Cutler & whether the same sugars was XXX XXX XXX pp account of him the said Thomas Cutler and may sett forth of whom he bought the same sugars & why he refuseth to XXXX//
//& XXXXX yo:r Orato:r the Moiety of the benefitt & pcedd of such sugars which amounts unto two hundred & fifty pounds sterling or thereabouts And whether he did not at the same time when he sent the aforesaid sugars to yo:r Orato:r allso send yo:r Orato:r a small parcell of sugars in XXX XXX//
//ioynt account of him and yo:r Orato:r & whether he did not the summe of purpose to colour the consigning of the said other pcells of sugar in the name of the said Nicholas Cutler to the intent yo:r Orato:r might not have and releive any p:t of the pcell of XXX sugars And whether he the said Thomas Cutler//
//did not about the Month of July in y:e year of o:r Lord one thousand six hundred sixty six consigned to yo:r Orato:r about thirty nine hundred and quarter and six pound weight of Cotton and may sett forth what he paid ffor such Cotton & whether he put downe to yo:r Orato:rs Account XXX//
//other or greater summe than he paid for the same & how much more & the reason thereof And whether he the said Thomas Cutler did not acquaint yo:r Orato:r that he had sent yo:r Orato:r one hundred forty three Rolls of Piggtail Tobacco & whether he did the XXXX and did not XXXed thereof and yo:r//
//Orato:r S:t Christophers Tobacco and may sett forth what the same Tobacco cost him & of whom he bought the same and whether he p:d more than three pence p pound for the same & how much more and that he may be compelled to take the prcells thereof to his owne account and XXXXX//
//sett forth a true & iust account LARGE INSERTION TO COME XX all such END OF INSERTION wich yo:r Orato:r & pay yo:r Orato:r what shall appeare to be due to yo:r Orato:r upon the foot of such Accompt And that he may sett forth why he now sues yo:r Orato:r at lawe & for what and whether yo:r Orato:r is indebted to him & for what and that he may//
//be enjoyned to ?surcease all further proceedings at Common Law until this Cause in equity shall be determined and may pduce & bring into this Court all such papers letters and books of accountesas ?concerne the matters before sett forth or any of them that yo:r Orato:r may XXX the//
//same and may sett fforth he did not ?molest and XXX one ??Tonno ??Clauson & Samuell Heron or one of them for a pcell of Iron consigned by yo:r Orato:r to the said Heron & whether he did not know the same was consigned XXX to Heron And by what meanes he gott the said Iron into//
//his hands whether he did not give the said XXXXon a Xold or XXXXing to indemnify him ?Chargeing the same And may also sett forth for what he sold the said Iron & to whome & what he received for the same in moneyes goods & whether he did not sell the same under the Markett price & how much & whether when he sold//
//the same he was not very much in necessitye for moneys to pay his debts and therefore sold the said Iron at any Rate for ready moneys or for what Reason he sold the same under the Markett price And may satisfy yo:r Orato.r for the same And that yo:r Orato:r may XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX//
//p:rmisses according to Equity May it please yo.r good Lopp to grant XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX his Majdetyes writt of subpena to be directed to the said Thomas Cutler thereby commanding him at a certaine day and under a certaine paine to appeare in this high and hono:ble Court then XXXXX to make answeare//
//unto all singular the p:rmisses aforesaid upon his corporall oath And that he may be enjoyned to stay all further preceedings at Common law and stand unto pforme and abide such furtehr and finall XXX orders and directXX in & touching the p:rmisses As to yo:r Lopp upon XXXXXXXXXXXXX shall//
//XXXX And meet and agreeable to Equity And yo:r Orato:r pray x:r//
//Inter [ventre bottom of document]//
//XX ?'Norton [signature, bottom RH corner]
Commentary
Samuel Sowton remained as a merchant in Stockholm after Thomas Cutler's return to London in 1665. Sowton remained active in the export of metals from Sweden. For example, in 1671 the court of the English East India Company corresponded with himregarding the price and provision of copper Ungar plates.[1]. In the instructions Sowton received from the EIC regarding dispatch of copper he was told to load the metal on two or three vessels bound for London and to "consign them to Thomas Sprig, Merchant, in London, and draw the money from Charles & James Banks at Hamburg."[2]. These two Hamburg merchants are the same individuals mentioned in C5/53/78 f.1 & f. 2 as Hamburg based drawees of bills of exchange for Sowton and Cutler. Roseveare (1987:131) also mentions the same two Hamburg merchants. [3]
Samuel Sowton was involved in further litigation with Thomas Cutler in the 1670s. See C6/218/65 f. 1. The documentation accompanying this further suit contains additional accounts drawn up by the participants, and is likely, when transcribed, to reveal further product and customer detail regarding the Stockholm/London trade, trade between Baltic towns, contacts between Stockholm and Amsterdam, and Scandinavian links to the Guinea trade.
In the 1680s it appears that Samuel Sowton was back in England, showing an interest in establishing a naval-victualling office in Ireland.[4] Samuel Sowton may still have been alive in 1705, when his name appears together with Priscilla Baylie's (née Ryder) as a signator to a lease and release on the manor of Honingham, held by Priscilla's son William Baylie.[5]
Possible primary sources
PROB 11/480 Gee 1-44 Will of Thomas Cutler, Consull for the English Nation of Stockholme, Sweden 09 February 1705 pp. 2 PDF
- ↑ 'The Company to Samuel Sowton (at Stockholm), March 17, 1671' (Letter Book, vol. iv, p. 442) in William Foster, William Thomas Ottewill (eds.), A calendar of the court minutes, etc., of the East India Company, vol. 9 (Oxford, 1932), p. 11
- ↑ 'The Company to Samuel Sowton (at Stockholm), March 17, 1671' (Letter Book, vol. iv, p. 442) in William Foster, William Thomas Ottewill (eds.), A calendar of the court minutes, etc., of the East India Company, vol. 9 (Oxford, 1932), p. 20
- ↑ Henry Roseveare, Markets and merchants of the late seventeenth century: the Marescoe-David letters, 1668-1680 (Oxford, 1987), p. 131
- ↑ Oxford University, Bodleian Library, Special Collections and Western Manuscripts: Samuel Sowton to Ormond MS. Carte 54, fol(s). 244 [November 1683]
- ↑ Norfolk Record Office: Deeds and Papers relating to the Bayning Family: Indentures of Lease & Release of manor and lands in Honingham AF 312 178 x 1 1705