Revision as of 23:38, August 29, 2011

Oxenden family house, Deane, Deane House, or Deane Park, Kent

Building history and description

According to Henry Oxinden of Barham, writing in his common place book, Deane or Deane House was built by Henry Oxinden of Dene Esq:r "in or about the year 1584." Henry Oxinden the builder, according to the Barham Henry "was borne about the yeare 1513: he lived 84 years." Thus, in Henry's building history, Henry Oxinden the builder, was in his early seventies when he had the house erected.

Images exist for Deane dating from c. 1719, c. 1825, and 1840. The first image is an engraving by Badeslade illustrating the house, outhouses and formal gardens, and was published in John Harris’ The history of Kent in 1719.

Just over one hundred years later Neale remarked in 1825 that “Deane Park is situated in a beautifully wooded valley, at the southern extremity of the parish of Wingham, about two miles from Lee Priory, and about the same distance from Goodnestone Park. He described it as a “venerable mansion, which is large and noble in its appearance.” The engraving illustrating his entry on Deane Park is described as being taken from near the end of a “very fine old avenue of horse chesnuts.” A less mature tree lined avenue can be seen on Badeslade’s 1719 engraving of the house and gardens. A painting attributed to Charles Tattershall/Dodd and dated 1840 appears to show a circular carriage drive at the front of the house. This is not visible in Neale’s engraved illustration and was also absent from Badeslade’s engraving. Presumably then this was a post 1825 addition.

The main house as described by Neale was three stories in height with high pointed gables. Neale suggested that the gables “appear to have originally been ornamented with small cylindrical shafts on the bases and points,” but that they had now been destroyed by time. The mid- to late-sixteenth century character of the building was still visible, most of the windows having “ancient mullions and transoms to divide the lights.” Some of the windows had painted glass displaying the arms of the family. There was a small sun dial over the front centre entrance. The building it was claimed in 1825 appeared substantially unaltered since its building and retained a “stately appearance.” The grounds, however, had been modified in the mid-seventeenth century, with some limited internal alterations.

Estate

There is no estate map for Deane and surviving textual references to the size and nature of the lands and tenements associated with the house are very limited. Sir George Oxenden's elder brother, Sir Henry Oxenden, wrote only sparingly of estate matters. XXXX. In 1775 the Oxenden family moved its main residence to Broome Park.

Deane in the nineteenth century

Deane house, later referred to as Deane (or Dene) Park, appears to have remained inhabited until at least the early nineteenth century, though the tenants of the house are largely unknown. The fourth edition of Cary's New Itinerary, printed in 1810, records "Near Wingham, on r. Dene park - Rice, Esq.; and between Wingham and Ash, on r. Brook, H. Oxendon, Esq." The sixteenth edition of Patterson's Roads, published in 1822, still records the Oxenden name against Dean Park: "Wingham. Near, Deane Park, Sir Henry Oxenden, Bart." Neale in his description of the building published in 1825 describes a venerable building, but one which is not in ruinous condition. Benjamin Clarke's New Gazeteer, published in 1852, states that from Adisham "N.11/2 m. is Dene Park."

Possibly then, but without confirmation to date, the estate or part of the estate associated with Deane house stayed within the family.

Early C19th memoir of Broome Park and De(a)ne

A memoir of a later Sir Henry Oxenden (1756-1838), of Broome Park, written by his estate manager, makes mention of both Broome Park and Deane (with the spelling given as Dene). The estate manager had worked for Sir Henry for nine years, from 1829 to 1838, so the colour the account provides refers chiefly to that period.

Sir Henry's farm was described as having an uneven quality of land: "his farm being of that tenacious, strong, and uneven description." By then the estates had about 250 acres of arable land, producing turnips, oats, barley and beans. He fattened bullocks from Michaelmas to April for sale, generally having sixty to eighty such animals, and also fattened hogs, rearing ten good sized hogs "which were required yearly for the consumption of the mansion." Early fat lambs were reared and generally sold to Dover butchers, who collected them from the farm. Sheep were Sir Henry's passion, presumably in part the result of poor quality grazing, with noblemen and gentlemen, or in their stead their stewards and shephards, attending an annual "sheep day" on Sir Henry's estate to improve their flocks.

As for Dene, Sir Henry's estate manager writes:

“Sir Henry, for many years, paid great attention to the cultivation of hops. He had (and his father before him) a rather large quantity in cultivation at Dene, in the parish of Wingham, which was reduced from time to time to about 15 acres. These were known to almost everyone, as the old Dene Ground, having been planted before the memory of the oldest inhabitants in Wingham; and was, very probably, one of the oldest as well as the best grounds in that neighbourhood….being a distance of 6 miles from Broome, the superintendence of it was left to the tenant of Dene Farm, close by. For many years previous to Sir Henry’s decease, the late Mr. Richard Laslett had been the tenant, a most worthy and good man, to whom Sir Henry was much attached. And previous to his occupation of the farm, the family of Hawks had, for very many years, been the tenants, to whom also the management of the hop grounds had been entrusted.”

Location of demolished Deane house and surviving farm buildings

Several listed buildings in the Wingham area appear to be linked to the former Deane house estates:

A C16th and C17th barn survives about fifty metres south south east of Dene farmhouse on Dene farm Lane near the Wingham Adisham road. Its Grade II listing describes it as "Timber framed and clad with red brick, , with concrete tiled and slated roofs. Hipped main range stepped down and half-hipped to right, with buttressed cart doors to left, and hipped mid-strey to right. Interior : main range of 6 bays with aisles with passing shores to arcade posts and wind braces to clasped purlin roof with inserted queen struts, extended by 4 bays and aisles with passing shores, with low level, clasped purl in roof."

See: - Building ID 178307

A pair of cottages dated as late C17th are also located on Dene Farm Lane. Its Grade II listing states: "Cottage pair. Late C17. Red brick and plain tiled roof. Two storeys on plinth with rendered quoins and plat band raised over original ground floor openings, with double dogtooth cornice to roof with stacks to rear left and to rear right. Three glazing bar sashes on first floor and 2 on ground floor, with 2 boarded doors to centre with rectangular fanlights. The four-centred arches and segmental heads of earlier blocked openings visible on ground floor."

See: - Building ID 178305

Finally, Dene farmhouse itself has survived from the late C16th, though significantly modifed and extended. It was built as the steward's house for the now demolished Deane house. Its Grade II listing states: "House. Late C16, altered and extended 1904. Timber framed with red brick infill on base and plaster on first floor, with plain tiled roof. Four framed bays. Two storeys with continuous jetty on brackets with moulded bressumer, and hipped roof with stack cluster to centre right, and stack and gable to left. Five wooden casements of alternate 3 and 2 lights on first floor, and 4 wooden casements of 4 and 2 lights on ground floor with rib and stud door to centre left. Single storey extension to left, built 1904 on re-used bricks. Early C20 extension to rear. Built as stewards house for demolished Dene House, until 1775 the seat of the Oxendens."

See: - Building ID 178304

The 1906 Ordinance Survey 6" per mile map (map 156) shows "Dene House & Deane Farm" in the parish of Wingham

See: - K.A.S. List of Names from the 6 inch O.S. Maps of Kent (revised 1905/08)

Sources

Cary, John, Cary's New itinerary: or, An accurate delineation of the great roads,: both direct and cross, throughout England and Wales; with many of the principal roads in Scotland, 4th edn. (London, 1810), p. 15
Clarke, Benjamin, The British gazetteer, political, commercial, ecclesiastical, and historical: showing the distances of each place from London and Derby--gentlemen's seats--populations ... &c., vol. 1 (London, 1852)
Harris, John, History of Kent (XXXX, 1719)
Neale, John Preston, and Thomas Moule, ’Dean Parke’ in Views of the seats of noblemen and gentlemen, in England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland (XXXX, 1825)
Oxinden, Henry (of Barham), XXXX (XXXX, XXXX)
Patterson, Daniel, Patterson's roads, 16th edn. (XXXX, 1822)
Recollections of the Late Sir Henry Oxenden, Bart.,of Broome Park, Respectfully Inscribed to Robert Collard, Esq., of Reculver, Edward Gibbens, Esq., of Minster, and the Tenantry of the Broome Estate by a Late Steward (Canterbury, 1862)
Toynbee, Helen Wrigley & Paget Jackson Toynbee, Supplement to The letters of Horace Walpole: fourth earl of Orford, vol. 3 (Oxford, 1925), p. 84 (see "On Wednesday we went in the morning to Sr George Oxenden's at Deane House in the Parish of Wingham, which is a good old home, but made worth seeing by some very fine Pictures, particularly one in water colours of Christ disputing with the Doctors, and another in Oyl of the ...")

Add. MSS 54,332 Henry Oxenden Common Place Book, f. 2r